The Human Body

The Human Body, Health and Illnesses
(benefits of good health, common diseases, civilization diseases, injuries, First Aid Procedures, alternative medical approaches, healthy lifestyle)

1) The human body
•    skeleton consisting of about 200 bones
•    bones connected by joints
•    skin on the surface of muscles, organ of touch
•    the head (brain covered with skull and the face)
o    hair: cover of the scalp; dark, black, brown, blonde, white; skinhead
o    forehead [forid] (čelo), cheeks (tváře)
o    eyes: organs of sight; dark, brown, blue, green; corrective lens for short- or long-sighted, blind, sunglasses
o    nose: organ of smell; Roman, turned-up, small etc.; breathing of oxygen in the air
o    ears: organs of hearing; deaf [def] (hluchý)
o    mouth: tongue – organ of taste, 32 teeth, toothbrush, lips (lipstick for girls)
o    chin (brada): beard, moustache on men
•    the trunk (trup)
o    inside organs
o    lungs (plíce): changing oxygen to carbon dioxide
o    heart: pumps fresh blood into the body
o    liver (játra): cleans blood; kidneys (ledviny): removes waste liquids from blood
o    stomach [stomak]
•    the limbs (two arms, two legs)
o    arm: shoulder, upper arm, elbow (loket), forearm, wrist, hand with fingers
o    fingers: thumb, forefinger, middle-finger, ring-finger, little-finger
o    leg: thigh [ta:i] (stehno), knee, calf (lýtko), ankle, foot with toes

2) Illnesses
•    cough, fever, headache [hedeik]
•    slight illnesses (cold): treating by drinking hot tea, eating lots of fruit with vitamin C, few tablets of aspirin
•    serious troubles (high fever): should go to the doctor’s, wait in waiting room, after examination doctor writes a prescription, go to the chemist’s for medicine (pills, drops, syrup, powder)
•    serious ill or need to be operated: sent for treatment to the hospital
•    childhood illnesses: mumps (příušnice), measles (spalničky), scarlet fever (spála), chicken-pox (plané neštovice)
•    fatal diseases: cancer, heart attack, mental diseases
•    toothache [tu:teik]: go to the dentist, he drills bad tooth, puts a filling in it, sometimes extract the tooth
•    break an arm or a leg: go to the hospital, we are X-rayed, surgeon sets the bones in a plaster

3) First aid procedures & healthy lifestyle
•    injury – “RICE”
o    rest (patient shouldn’t move)
o    ice (reduce blood flow)
o    compress (compress injury with layer of cotton wool)
o    elevate (raise injury above horizontal)
•    breathing problems – “ABC”
o    airway (passage between mouth, nose and throat should be open)
o    breathing (mouth-to-mouth resuscitation – breathing air into patient’s lungs)
o    circulation (blood should circulate from the heart around the body)
•    healthy lifestyle – we shouldn’t: smoke, drink alcohol, take drugs, eat junk food
•    healthy lifestyle – we should: go in for sports, harden (otužovat), take vitamins, have a rest